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Developing reusable object-oriented software requires a designer to determine how to structure a software system so as to achieve the necessary functionality, while at the same time increasing the reuse potential of the software. We introduce a set of reusability metrics intended to be iteratively applied during the design and implementation parts…

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Producing reusable object-oriented components: a domain-and-organization-specific perspective

Article

May 2001

Margaretha W. Price Donald M. Needham

Steven Demurjian

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Producing reusable object-oriented components: a domain-and-organization-specific perspective.

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jan 2001

Margaretha W. Price Donald M. Needham

Steven Demurjian

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Towards a distributed object-oriented propagation model using Ada95

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Sep 1999

Donald M. Needham Steven Demurjian

Thomas J. Peters

Representing interdependencies between the objects of an object-oriented software application requires design-time mechanisms for specifying object interrelationships, as well as software constructs for the runtime maintenance of these relationships. We present a portion of our software engineering research environment ADAM, (short for Active Desig…

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A Reusability Measurement Framework and Tool for Ada 95.

Conference Paper

Jan 1997

Margaretha W. Price Steven Demurjian

Donald M. Needham

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An Ada95 Basis for Propagation Modeling.

Conference Paper

Jan 1997

Donald M. Needham Steven Demurjian

Thomas J. Peters

Representing dynamic interdependencies between design objects is an essential part of modeling the critical software communications found in complex software systems. Current software development methodologies, computer aided software engineering (CASE) environments and computer aided design (CAD) systems lack the ability to represent and manipulat…

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Ftpeters,steve,robert,needhamg@cse.uconn.edu

Article

Sep 1996

T. J. Peters Steven Demurjian Robert Mccartney

Donald M. Needham

Knowledge Intensive CAD requires extension of the object-oriented paradigm because object-oriented hierarchies are fundamentally based upon ancestral relations. Knowledge Intensive CAD demands software capabilities to allow the user to model relationships that are significantly more complex than inheiritance. Propagations are proposed as an object-…

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Object Modeling to Localize Knowledge for Feature Interrelationships

Article

Sep 1996

T. J. Peters Steven Demurjian Robert Mccartney

Donald M. Needham

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Propagating topological tolerances for rapid prototyping

Article

Full-text available

Sep 1996

T. J. Peters Steven Demurjian Donald M. Needham[…]

S. M. Dorney

Rapid prototyping technologies permit timely inclusion of experimental verification within an iterative design process. This work introduces topological tolerances as a tool for retaining desired design invariance during the production of successively refined prototypes. These topological tolerances are applied to the supporting geometric data repr…

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Relations Between Features: Prototyping Object-Oriented Language Extensions on an Industrial Example

Conference Paper

Aug 1996

Brendan D. Brett Thomas J. Peters Steven Demurjian

Donald M. Needham

Feature-based design techniques are being broadly incorporated into supporting CAD/CAM software. Object-oriented methodologies effectively capture parent-child relationships between features. However, realistic design, manufacturing and assembly domains often require more subtle inter-relationships between features, where contemporary object-orient…

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ADAM: a language-independent, object-oriented, design environment for modeling inheritance and relationship variants in Ada 95, C++, and Eiffel

Article

Jan 1996

Donald M. Needham Steven Demurjian Karim El Guemhioui[…]

Heidi Ellis

An abstract is not available.

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Information Engineering: Object-Oriented Design and Analyses Chapter 2: Object-Oriented Programming and Databases

Article

Steven Demurjian

Donald M. Needham

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Anastasios Brenner, Paul Needham

Foundations of Chemistry, 2000

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Taming Complexity. Duhem’s third pathway to Thermodynamics

Stefano Bordoni

Stampato per i tipi della Editrice Montefeltro s.r.l. nel mese di Ottobre 2012

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Impact of Gibbs’ and Duhem’s approaches to thermodynamics on the development of chemical thermodynamics

Photis Dais

From 1873 to 1878, the American physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs offered to the scientific community three great articles that proved to be a milestone for the science of thermodynamics. On the other hand, between 1886 and 1896, the French physicist Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem translated thermodynamics into the language of Lagrange’s analytical mechanics. At the same time, he expanded its scope to include thermal phenomena, electromagnetic phenomena, and all kinds of irreversible processes. Duhem formulated a version of thermodynamics characterized by the conceptual unification of mechanics, physics, and chemistry. Overall, the work of both physicists on thermodynamics is tremendous, full of axioms, theorems, corollaries, proofs, and hundreds of equations. Therefore, it would be a utopian aim to provide a short analysis of their work. Instead, the present study will attempt to give a brief outline of the main tools and concepts used by the two physicists. I will argue that each scientist approaches thermodynamics in a new and unique way, which reveals their scientific styles as reflected in their personalities, the writing styles, their behavior toward publicity, and their inclination for publication. Finally, I will examine the influence of their theories on the development of chemical thermodynamics.

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Published in modified form in: Philosophy of Chemistry

Juan Carlos Sanchez Munco

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Duhem’s pathway to Thermodynamics

Stefano Bordoni

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Eric R. Scerri: Collected Papers on Philosophy of Chemistry

Joseph Earley

Science & Education, 2010

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The Development of Wilhelm Ostwald’s Chemical Energetics

Arie Leegwater

Centaurus, 1986

Wilhelm Ostwald’s Chemical Energetics 315 to fill the only German university chair in physical chemistry vacated by Gustav Wiedemann. Only after Hans Landolt, Claus Winkler, and J. H. van? Hoff-had declined was Ostwald chosen. Ostwald certainly did not wish to disappoint his audience nor did he underestimate himself. As he later wrote in his autobiography: “So war ich Leipziger Professor geworden, bevor ich mein 34. Lebensjahr erreicht hatte, und sah einen Wirkungskreis vor mir, der iiber die game Kulturwelt reichen konnte, wenn ich ihn auszufullen fahig war”.2 In his closing remarks Ostwald gave an indication what that “Wirkungskreis” would initially entail: Zu einer allgerneinen und durchgreifenden Auffassung der Gesetze der chemischen Verwandtschaft ist man erst gelangt, als man die chcmische Energie und ihre Urnwandlungen zum Gegenstande der Forschung rnachte. Es findet hier ein vollkomrnener Parallelisrnus in der Geschichte der Chernie statt: mil der Erkennmir, dass die chemischen Stoffe nur durch Umwandlungen der pcrsirficrcnden wcigbarcn Matcrie enutehen, kam die Entdeckung der Gesefze, welche die Massenvcrhdmicse der chemischen Verbindungen regeln; mit der Erkennfnis. dass die chemischen Vorgcingc durch Umwandlungen der persirtierenden Energie bedingf sind. kam die Erkennfnis der Gesetze der chemischen Verwanduchafr.

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Introductory reading guide for the famous Duhemian articles of the «Revue des questions scientifiques» (1892-1896): Circumstances surrounding their drafting and investigation of their reception

Jean-Francois Stoffel

2021

About: P. DUHEM, “Some reflections on the subject of physical theories” P. DUHEM, “Atomic notation and atomistic hypotheses” P. DUHEM, “A new theory of the inorganic world” P. DUHEM, “Physics and metaphysics” P. DUHEM, “The English school and physical theories” P. DUHEM, “Some reflections on the subject of experimental physics” P. DUHEM, “The evolution of physical theories from the 17th century up to the present day”

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Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent and Jonathan Simon, Chemistry: The Impure Science

Johan Alfredo Linthorst

Annals of Science, 2010

Since the 1990s the philosophy of chemistry has been growing significantly. Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent and Jonathan Simon both contributed to this growth. With Chemistry: The Impure Science, which is dedicated to Larry Holmes, they offer a new contribution to this field. Ranging from antiquity to modern chemistry, they use a lot of examples from the history of chemistry as the subjects of their philosophical analyses. In addition, their book deals with the image of chemistry which is a hot topic in modern society. Therefore, this work might serve as a textbook for an (under)graduate course in the history and philosophy of chemistry. The main purpose of the authors is to address their own (new) philosophy of chemistry that ‘emerges from the chemist’s constant practical engagement with matter’ (p. 5). Doubtless, historians of science will also benefit from Chemistry: The Impure Science. Unfortunately, the index is not comprehensive with respect to the book’s contents. The authors used more than 300 primary and secondary sources which are placed in a bibliography and in notes at the end of each chapter. By referring to these sources, they reflect upon the opinions of other historians*and philosophers of science. The book’s illustrations positively complement the content. For example, in 1886 the hexagonal form of the benzene structure, as proposed by Kekule´, was represented by the German Chemical Society ‘by a circle of six monkeys’ (pp. 188, 189). In addition, the chapters smoothly run into each other.

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Was Duhem Justified in not Distinguishing Between Physical and Chemical Atomism?

Paul Needham

Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science

Chemists in the late nineteenth century were apt to distinguish the theory of chemical structure they advocated as chemical, as opposed to physical, atomism. The failure on Duhem’s part to consider any such distinction in his critique of atomism might be taken to be a lacuna in his argument. Far from being a weakness in his stance, however, I argue that he had good systematic reasons for not taking such a distinction seriously.

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