CHECKS ON POPULATION.
The term used by Malthus to signify the forces restricting the birth rate or increasing the death rate, so that the pressure of population on the means of subsistence is lessened.
The “powerful and obvious are
(1) moral restraint (e.g., late and provident marriages) which decreases birth-rate;
(2) vice and misery which increases death-rate.
“Only when, in addition to just institutions, the increase of mankind shall be under the deliberate guidance of a judicious foresight, can the conquests made from the powers of nature by the intellect and energy of scientific discoverers, become the common property of the species, and the means of improving and elevating the universal lot.” (M.)
SOCIETIES.
Where an advance granted to the committee of an association, a club, a society, or any similar body (e.g. literary association, cricket club, flower show), a guarantee should be taken or an arrangement made whereby someone rendered liable to repay the money, other- wise the banker will be without any means of recovering the debt, as such bodies, not being incorporated, cannot be sued for the money. If an account is opened as “Carleton Flower Show, John Smith, Treasurer,” John Smith is not personally liable for any overdraft thereon, but if the account is opened as “John Smith “, Carleton Flower Show,” he is personally responsible.
Such accounts are opened in various forms, but the distinction should be observed between accounts which are opened by a person in his private name, ear-marked in some way, and accounts which are in the name of an association on which the treasurer is to operate. In this latter case the banker should be supplied with a copy of the resolution appointing the treasurer and setting forth the manner in which cheques are to be signed.
With respect to the accounts of societies registered under Building or Provident or Friendly Societies Acts, they must be opened and conducted in accordance with the rules of the societies.
(See BUILDING SOCIETY.)
